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revision 336 by abate, Tue Jul 10 17:26:17 2007 UTC revision 1636 by abate, Tue Jul 10 19:10:23 2007 UTC
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1  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" standalone="yes"?>  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" standalone="yes"?>
2  <page output="index.php">  <page name="index" url="/">
3    
4  <title>CDuce</title>  <title>Home page</title>
5  <banner>  <banner>
6    <img title="CDuce" src="img/cduce_logo.jpg" width="400" height="206"    <img title="CDuce" src="img/cduce_logo.jpg" width="400" height="206"
7         alt="CDuce"/>         alt="CDuce"/>
8  </banner>  </banner>
9    
10  <!-- ********* Left panel ********* -->  <left>
11  <navig>  <p>On this page:</p>
12    <boxes-toc/>
13    <p>Under this page:</p>
14    <pages-toc/>
15    </left>
16    
17    <!--<external href="http://reglisse.ens.fr/cgi-bin/cduce" title="Online
18    demo" name="proto"/>-->
19    <external href="/cgi-bin/cduce" title="Online demo" name="proto"/>
20    <include file="demo.xml"/>
21    <include file="download.xml"/>
22    <include file="papers.xml"/>
23    <include file="documentation.xml"/>
24    <include file="mailing.xml"/>
25    <include file="examples.xml"/>
26    <!-- <include file="hacking.xml"/> -->
27    <!-- Note: this is no longer relevant -->
28    <include file="tips.xml"/>
29    <include file="ocaml.xml"/>
30    <include file="stages.xml"/>
31    <include file="bench.xml"/>
32    <include file="contrib.xml"/>
33    <include file="team.xml"/>
34    <include file="funding.xml"/>
35    <include file="dtd2cduce.xml"/>
36    <include file="sitemap.xml"/>
37    
38  <toc/>  <left>
   
 <box>  
 <ul>  
 <li><a href="plan.php">Site map</a></li>  
 <li><a href="/cgi-bin/cduce">Online demo</a></li>  
 <li><a href="papers.php">Papers and talks</a></li>  
 <li><a href="team.php">CDuce team</a></li>  
 <li><a href="bench.php">Benchmarks</a></li>  
 <li><a href="examples.php">Examples</a></li>  
 <li><a href="memento.php">Memento</a></li>  
 <li><a href="tutorial.php">Tutorial</a></li>  
 </ul>  
 </box>  
   
 <box>  
39    
40  <p> CDuce ("seduce") is a new typed functional language with  <p> CDuce ("seduce") is a new typed functional language with
41  innovative features.</p>  innovative features.</p>
# Line 42  Line 52 
52  XML types play a central role in CDuce.  XML types play a central role in CDuce.
53    </p>    </p>
54    
55  </box>  </left>
56    
57  <box>  <left>
58  <p> All pages of this site were automatically generated from an XML description of  <p> All pages of this site were automatically generated from an XML description of
59  the content by <a href="examples.php#site"> the following CDuce program</a>.  the content by <a href="examples.html#site">the following CDuce program</a>.
60  </p><p>  </p><p><img src="img/cducepower.jpg" alt="Powered by CDuce"/></p>
61  <img src="img/cducepower2.jpg" alt="Powered by CDuce"/></p>  </left>
62  </box>  
63    <box title="Latest News" link="news">
64    
65  <toc/>  <section title="2005, April 12, Tuesday: GODI package for the
66    OCaml+CDuce extension">
67    <p>
68    A preliminary release of an extension of OCaml with CDuce types
69    has been announced a few days ago on the cduce users mailing list.
70    More information on the page <local href="ocaml"/>.
71    </p>
72    </section>
73    
74    <section title="2005, March 27th, Easter: PDF user manual">
75    <p>
76    PDF versions of the User manual and of the Tutorial are now available. See the <local href="documentation"/>.
77    </p>
78    </section>
79    
80    <section title="2005, March 22th, Wednesday: CDuce 0.3.2">
81    <p>
82    See the <local href="download"/>
83    page for download information, or the <a href="CHANGES">CHANGES</a>
84    file to know what's new.
85    </p>
86    <p>
87    GODI users can simply select the <tt>apps-cduce</tt> package to
88    install CDuce 0.3.0. Another option is to use the
89    <tt>apps-cduce-cvs</tt> package to follow the development tree.
90    </p>
91    </section>
92    
93  </navig>  <section title="2005, March 9th, Wednesday: CDuce 0.3.0">
94    <p>
95    See the <local href="download"/>
96    page for download information, or the <a href="CHANGES">CHANGES</a>
97    file to know what's new.
98    </p>
99    <p>
100    GODI users can simply select the <tt>apps-cduce</tt> package to
101    install CDuce 0.3.0. Another option is to use the
102    <tt>apps-cduce-cvs</tt> package to follow the development tree.
103    </p>
104    </section>
105    
106  <!-- ********* Main panel ********* -->  <section title="2005, January 14th, Friday: CDuce 0.2.2">
107    <p>
108    See the <local href="download"/>
109    page for download information, or the <a href="CHANGES">CHANGES</a>
110    file to know what's new.
111    </p>
112    <p>
113    GODI users can simply select the <tt>apps-cduce</tt> package to
114    install CDuce 0.2.2. Another option is to use the
115    <tt>apps-cduce-cvs</tt> package to follow the development tree.
116    </p>
117    </section>
118    
119  <main>  <section title="2004, September 13th, Monday: CDuce 0.2.1">
120    <p>
121    We added a string:// scheme for load_xml and load_html and load_file (it makes
122    the load function parse the string that follows the scheme) and the
123    the code was updated to OCaml 3.08.1, PXP 1.1.95.
124    </p>
125    </section>
126    <section title="2004, July 5th, Monday: CDuce 0.2.0 is out !">
127    <p>
128    The long-awaited CDuce 0.2.0 is out. See the <local href="download"/>
129    page for download information, or the <a href="CHANGES">CHANGES</a>
130    file to know what's new.
131    </p>
132    <p>
133    GODI users can simply select the <tt>apps-cduce</tt> package to
134    install CDuce 0.2.0.
135    </p>
136    <p>
137    Enjoy !
138    </p>
139    </section>
140    
141    <!--
142    <section title="2003, December 8th, Monday: New addition to papers.">
143    <p>
144    A paper on the optimized implementation of pattern matching
145    in CDuce is now available online in the <a href="papers.html">papers page</a>:
146    <i>"Regular tree language recognition with static information"</i>.
147    Another paper, <i>"Greedy regular expression matching"</i>
148    is a preliminary step in an alternative implementation technique
149    (non-uniform representation of values). The two papers will be
150    presented in the PLAN-X 2004 workshop in January (Venice).
151    </p>
152    <br/>
153    </section>
154    
155    <section title="2003, October 26th, Sunday: New addition to papers.">
156    <p>
157    If you want a simple and basic introduction to the theoretical foundations
158    of CDuce, there is a new entry in the <a href="papers.html">papers page</a>: <i>"A Gentle
159    Introduction to Semantic Subtyping"</i>.
160    </p>
161    <br/>
162    </section>
163    
164    <section title="2003, October 17th, Friday: CVS publicly available.">
165    <p>
166    You can now download the development version directly from the cvs tree. See instructions at the <a href="download.html">usual place</a>. Be careful, it may not work, and many features are experimental and undocumented.
167    </p>
168    <br/>
169    </section>
170    
171    
172    <section title="2003, September 23rd, Wednesday: Volunteers sought.">
173    <p>
174    We look for volunteers to prepare an emacs mode for CDuce and to implement  a native Win32 or MinGW port. If your are interested please contact
175    us.
176    </p>
177    <br/>
178    </section>
179    
180    
181    <section title="2003, August 16th, Saturday: Version 0.1.1 released.">
182    <p>
183    This version has several bug-fixes and encodes reference types. You can now use
184    <code>:=</code> and <code>;</code>. It is available at the <a href="download.html">usual place</a>. Try this
185    <a href="http://www.cduce.org/cgi-bin/cduce?example=reference">code</a> on
186    the on-line demo for an example on how to use them, and refer to the
187    <a href="manual_expressions.html#ref">manual pages</a> for more
188    information.
189    </p>
190    <br/>
191    </section>
192    -->
193    </box>
194    
195  <box title="What is CDuce ?" link="whatis">  <box title="What is CDuce ?" link="whatis">
196    
197  <p> <b>CDuce</b> is modern programming language, adapted to the  <p> <b>CDuce</b> is modern programming language, adapted to the
198  manipulation of XML documents.  It is developped by the <a  manipulation of XML documents. This project is a spin-off of a
199    research effort split amongst two <a
200    href="http://www.cnrs.fr">CNRS</a> labs (the <a
201  href="http://www.di.ens.fr/~castagna/EQUIPE"><b>Languages</b></a>  href="http://www.di.ens.fr/~castagna/EQUIPE"><b>Languages</b></a>
202  group of ENS in Paris and the <a  group of ENS in Paris and the <a
203  href="http://www.lri.fr/bd"><b>Databases</b></a> group of LRI in  href="http://www.lri.fr/bd"><b>Databases</b></a> group of LRI in
204  Orsay, two <a href="http://www.cnrs.fr">CNRS</a> labs.  Orsay), and one <a href="http://www.inria.fr">INRIA</a> project (the
205  See also the <a href="team.php">CDuce team</a> page,  <a href="http://cristal.inria.fr"><b>Cristal</b></a> project).  Please
206  our <a href="papers.php">technical papers</a>.  see the <local href="team">CDuce team</local> page for a list of
207    researchers contributing to this research effort. Some <local
208    href="papers">technical papers</local> present the theoretical
209    foundations of the language.
210  </p>  </p>
211    
212    <section title="Getting information">
213    
214    <p>
215    The online <local href="documentation">documentation</local>
216    contains a <local href="tutorial"/> and a <local href="manual"/>.
217    You can also have a look at some <local
218    href="examples">examples</local>
219    of CDuce programs.
220    </p>
221    
222    <p>
223    If you want more information about CDuce you can send a mail to
224    <tt>info_at_cduce.org</tt> (replace <tt>_at_</tt> with <tt>@</tt>), or
225    to the most appropriate <a href="mailing.html">CDuce mailing list</a>.
226    </p>
227    
228    </section>
229    
230  <section title="Online running prototype">  <section title="Online running prototype">
231  <p> The only available implementation of CDuce is an <a  <p> To get a feeling of CDuce,
232  href="cgi-bin/cduce">online prototype</a>. To get a feeling of CDuce,  you can play with the <local href="proto">on-line prototype</local>,
233  you can try the examples and play with them, or have a look at this <a  try the examples and modify them. </p>
234  href="memento.php">memento</a> which briefly explains the syntax of  </section>
 the language. We also have some <a href="examples.php">larger  
 examples</a>. </p>  
235    
236  <p>We are planning to distribute a first public release in the next  <section title="Download">
237  few weeks.</p>  <p>
238    You can <local href="download">download</local> a beta
239    version of CDuce, or a snapshot from the working CVS repository.
240    </p>
241  </section>  </section>
242  </box>  </box>
243    
244  <box title="Design and features" link="whatis">  <box title="Design and features" link="design">
245  <p> Our point of view and our guideline for the design of CDuce is  <p> Our point of view and our guideline for the design of CDuce is
246  that a programming language for XML should take XML types (  that a programming language for XML should take XML types (
247  DTD, XML Schema, Relax-NG, ...) seriously. We expect the following  DTD, XML Schema, Relax-NG, ...) seriously into account.
248  benefits:</p>  The benefits are the following:</p>
249    
250  <ul>  <ul>
251  <li> <b>static verifications</b>  <li> <b>static verifications</b>
252  (e.g.: ensure that a transformation produces a valid document);</li>  (e.g.: ensure that a transformation produces a valid document
253      <footnote>
254    
255    Valid with respect to validity constraints
256    that can be expressed by the type system (thus typically excluding
257    constraints like <a
258    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#sec-attribute-types">ID</a> and
259    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#sec-attribute-types">IDREF</a>).
260    
261      </footnote>);</li>
262  <li> in particular, we aim at <b>smooth and safe</b> compositions  <li> in particular, we aim at <b>smooth and safe</b> compositions
263  of XML transformations, and incremental programming;</li>  of XML transformations, and incremental programming;</li>
264  <li> static <b>optimizations</b> and <b>efficient execution model</b>  <li> static <b>optimizations</b> and <b>efficient execution model</b>
# Line 102  Line 267 
267  </ul>  </ul>
268    
269  <p>  <p>
270  Some of CDuce peculiar features:  Some features particular to CDuce:
271  </p>  </p>
272  <ul>  <ul>
273  <li> XML objects can be manipulated as first-class citizen values:  <li> XML objects can be manipulated as first-class citizen values:
# Line 126  Line 291 
291  <li> an highly-effective <b>type-driven compilation schema</b>. </li>  <li> an highly-effective <b>type-driven compilation schema</b>. </li>
292  </ul>  </ul>
293    
294    <p>CDuce is fast, functional,
295    type-safe, and <b>conforms to basic standards</b>: <a href="http://www.unicode.org">Unicode</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">XML</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#dt-doctype">DTD</a>,
296    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/">Namespaces</a> are fully
297    supported, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/">XML Schema</a>
298    is partially <local href="manual_schema">supported</local>.
299    </p>
300    
301  <p>  <p>
302  <a href="bench.php">Preliminary benchmarks</a> suggest that despite the  <local href="bench">Preliminary benchmarks</local> suggest that despite the
303  overhead for static type verification, a CDuce  overhead for static type verification, a CDuce
304  program can run faster (30% to 60%) than an equivalent XSLT  program can run faster (30% to 60%) than an equivalent XSLT
305  style-sheet (we performed benchmarks with  style-sheet (we performed benchmarks with
306  the xsltproc tools from the Gnome libxslt library).  the xsltproc tools from the Gnome libxslt library).
307  </p>  </p>
308    
309    <p>
310    The name CDuce was coined by <a
311    href="http://www.di.ens.fr/~zappa">Francesco Zappa Nardelli</a>.
312    </p>
313    
314    <footnotes/>
315    
316  </box>  </box>
317    
318    
319    <!--
320  <box title="Research directions" link="research">  <box title="Research directions" link="research">
321    
322  <p>Our plans concerning the design of the core language  <p>Our plans concerning the design of the core language
323  include:</p>  include:</p>
324  <ul>  <ul>
325     <li>interface with other languages and type systems
326    <footnote>
327    An <local href="manual_interfacewithocaml">
328    interface between CDuce and OCaml
329    </local> is currently being
330    implemented.
331    </footnote>
332     ;
333     </li>
334     <li>efficient evaluation strategies, high-level optimizations;</li>
335   <li>a module system to support incremental programming;</li>   <li>a module system to support incremental programming;</li>
336   <li>parametric polymorphism;</li>   <li>parametric polymorphism;</li>
337   <li>XML-friendly primitives, to mimic XSLT transformations.</li>   <li>XML-friendly primitives, to mimic XSLT transformations.</li>
# Line 157  Line 349 
349  </ul>  </ul>
350    
351  <p>  <p>
352  We wrote several <a href="papers.php">technical papers</a> about  We wrote several <local href="papers">technical papers</local> about
353  the language design and its theoretical foundations.  the language design and its theoretical foundations.
354  </p>  </p>
355    
356    <footnotes/>
357    
358  </box>  </box>
359    -->
360    
361  <box title="XDuce and CDuce" link="xduce">  <box title="XDuce and CDuce" link="xduce">
362  <p>  <p>
363    
364  The starting point of our work on CDuce was the  The starting point of our work on CDuce was the
365  <a href="http://xduce.sourceforge.net/">XDuce</a> language developped  <a href="http://xduce.sourceforge.net/">XDuce</a> language developed
366  at the UPenn DB group. Many of CDuce features originate from XDuce.  at the UPenn DB group. Many of CDuce features originate from XDuce.
367  Some of our achievements:  Some of our achievements:
368    
# Line 183  Line 379 
379  </ul>  </ul>
380  <p>  <p>
381  Of course, the work on XDuce continued during our, and they  Of course, the work on XDuce continued during our, and they
382  developped nice ideas: mixed attribute-element types (same  developed nice ideas: mixed attribute-element types (same
383  expressive power as our records, but they can sometimes avoid exponential  expressive power as our records, but they can sometimes avoid exponential
384  explosion where we cannot); powerful filter operation.  explosion where we cannot); powerful filter operation.
385  </p>  </p>
386    
387  </box>  </box>
388    
389  <box title="Related links" link="links">  <page name="links" new="">
390  <ul>  <title>Links</title>
391  <li> <link url="http://www.research.avayalabs.com/user/wadler/xml/"  <left>
392    <boxes-toc/>
393    <p>See also:</p>
394    <local-links href="index,team,sitemap"/>
395    </left>
396    
397    <box title="About XML" link="xml">
398    <link url="http://www.w3.org/XML/"
399    title="Extensible Markup Language (XML)"> The W3C page on XML. </link>
400    <link url="http://www.research.avayalabs.com/user/wadler/xml/"
401  title="XML: Some hyperlinks minus the hype"> By Philip Wadler. </link>  title="XML: Some hyperlinks minus the hype"> By Philip Wadler. </link>
402  </li> </ul> </box>  </box>
403    
404    <box title="Related languages" link="lang">
405    <link url="http://xduce.sourceforge.net/"
406    title="XDuce"> XDuce home page. </link>
407    <link url="http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/xtatic/"
408    title="Xtatic"> The Xtatic Project. </link>
409    <link url="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~luzm/xhaskell/"
410    title="Xhaskell"> The XHaskell language. </link>
411    </box>
412    </page>
413    
414  <meta>  <meta>
415  <p>  <p>
# Line 210  Line 425 
425       alt="Valid XHTML 1.0!"/>       alt="Valid XHTML 1.0!"/>
426  </a>  </a>
427    
428  <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=http://www.cduce.org">  <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer">
429  <img style="border:0;width:88px;height:31px"  <img style="border:0;width:88px;height:31px"
430       src="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/images/vcss"       src="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/images/vcss"
431       alt="Valid CSS!"/>       alt="Valid CSS!"/>
# Line 218  Line 433 
433    
434  <a href="http://www.ens.fr">  <a href="http://www.ens.fr">
435  <img style="border:0"  <img style="border:0"
436       src="img//symbENSmio.gif"       src="img/symbENSmio.gif"
437       alt="ENS" title="ENS"/>       alt="ENS" title="ENS"/>
438  </a>  </a>
439    
# Line 230  Line 445 
445    
446  <a href="http://www.cnrs.fr">  <a href="http://www.cnrs.fr">
447  <img style="border:0"  <img style="border:0"
448       src="img//symbCNRSmio.gif"       src="img/symbCNRSmio.gif"
449       alt="CNRS" title="CNRS"/>       alt="CNRS" title="CNRS"/>
450  </a>  </a>
451    <a href="http://www.inria.fr">
452    <img style="border:0"
453         src="img/inria.gif"
454         alt="INRIA" title="INRIA"/>
455    </a>
456    <script type="text/javascript"  src="http://codice.shinystat.it/cgi-bin/getcod.cgi?USER=cducer"></script>
457  </p>  </p>
458    </meta>
459    
460    <page name="img" new="">
461    
462    <title>Pictures and Logos</title>
463    <include file="soutenance.xml"/>
464    
465    <left>
466    <boxes-toc/>
467    <p>See also:</p>
468    <local-links href="index,team,sitemap"/>
469    </left>
470    
471    <box title="Pictures" link="pictures">
472    <section title="The CDuce team (January 2004 - Venice)">
473    <img src="img/seducers.jpg" alt="The CDuce and XDuce teams"/>
474  <p>  <p>
475  <a href="mailto:Alain.Frisch@ens.fr">Webmaster</a> -  From left to right:
476  <a href="plan.php">Site map</a>  Véronique Benzaken,
477    Haruo Hosoya (pretending to be an X-man),
478    Cédric Miachon,
479    Giuseppe Castagna,
480    Alain Frisch,
481    Marwan Burelle.
482  </p>  </p>
483  </meta>  </section>
484    <section title="The CDuce and XDuce teams (January 2004 - Venice)">
485    <img src="img/C+X.jpg" alt="The CDuce and XDuce teams"/>
486    </section>
487    <section title="Alain (February 2004 - Hakone)">
488    <img src="img/frisch_psd_talk.jpg" alt="Alain Frisch"/>
489    <p>
490    It's all about hand-waving.
491    </p>
492    </section>
493    <section title="Giuseppe (February 2004 - Hakone)">
494    <img src="img/beppe_whiteboard.jpg" alt="Giuseppe Castagna"/>
495    <p>
496    Beppe cannot stay still for a photo.
497    </p>
498    </section>
499    <section title="Giuseppe (February 2004 - Hakone)">
500    <img src="img/beppe_whiteboard2.jpg" alt="Giuseppe Castagna"/>
501    <p>
502    Beppe cannot stay still for a photo.
503    </p>
504    </section>
505    
506    <section title="Alain's Ph.D defense (13th December 2004)">
507    <p>
508    <local href="soutenance"/>
509    </p>
510    
511    </section>
512    
513    </box>
514    <box title="Logos" link="logos">
515    <p>
516    Feel free to use the following logos on your websites to make
517    reference to CDuce.
518    </p>
519    <p>
520    <img src="img/cduce_logo.jpg" alt="CDuce banner"/>
521    <br/>
522    <img src="img/cducepower.jpg" alt="Powered by CDuce"/>
523    <br/>
524    <img src="img/cducepower2.jpg" alt="Powered by CDuce"/>
525    </p>
526    
527    </box>
528    
529    
530    </page>
531    
 </main>  
532  </page>  </page>
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